Your Health & Yoga

 

 

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The 7 Habits of Highly Healthy People

 

Adopt these 7 habits and you’ll feel better, look better, have more energy, and spend less on medicine and healthcare.

 

1. Eat Well.  With our hectic lifestyles, we often opt for fast or pre-packaged foods.  While quick and tasty, such foods are usually loaded with fat, salt, and carbohydrates, and low in nutrition.  Such foods contribute to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and tooth decay.  There is nothing sadder than a 7 year-old with rotten teeth due to a diet of “Happy” Meals, candy, and Mountain Dew.  Healthy eating can be just as tasty if not more so than junk food.  In fact, the large variety of flavor, color, and taste of natural foods can be an ongoing process of exploration and discovery.  For a healthy diet eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables, low-fat protein, and fiber.  Eat fats and dairy products in moderation.  Some fats are better than others.   Unsaturated fats, especially mono-unsaturated, are the healthiest.  Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are the worst, and now outlawed in some states.  Coconut oil is especially unhealthy even though it is a vegetable based oil.  Salt intake in the US today is in toxic proportions.  While a reasonable daily sodium intake is 1000 mg, many restaurant meals contain 2000-3000mg.  Soy sauce is generally loaded with sodium.  Use it in moderation or just leave it out.   

 

2. Relax or Meditate.  The human brain is amazing: it can compose a sonnet, diagnose an obscure disease, or build a spacecraft. But as willing as the mind is to work around-the-clock, it needs regular rest. With our constant work, family and financial worries, we often struggle to turn it off temporarily.  Meditation is the practice of temporarily turning down the thought process.  As mundane as it might seem, this is the hardest thing for most people to do.   Just close your eyes, and see whether you can go 30 seconds without a thought popping into your mind.  But learning how to shut off the constant mental diatribe is a pillar of good health.  There are many different meditation techniques.  The simplest approach, in a nutshell, is to find a comfortable seat in a quiet environment.  Close your eyes.  Let thoughts flow in and out like waves crashing against the beach and receding.  Don’t fight your thoughts, just try to avoid getting attached to them or developing a story around them.  Even 5 minutes a day of quiet sitting can improve your health and sense of well-being.  What a simple and inexpensive way to enhance the quality of your life!

 

3. Exercise Often.  Regular exercise improves heart function, muscle and bone strength, balance and flexibility, circulation, mental clarity, and the overall sense of well-being.  Exercise reduces your risk of heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, and insomnia.  Do something you enjoy, such as walking or jogging, swimming, tennis, biking, hiking, dancing, weight training, tai chi, yoga, soccer, or softball.  Naturally, we have a slight bias towards Ashtanga yoga, as we feel it encompasses all the necessary ingredients of healthy exercise.  Unlike other yoga styles, the Ashtanga practice emphasizes cardiovascular and strength training in addition to balance, stretching, and relaxation. 

 

4. Don’t Smoke.  Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S.  Quitters are winners. Within weeks of quitting smoking, pulmonary function and exercise tolerance improve, and respiratory symptoms decrease.  One year after quitting, the risk of heart disease drops by half! Counseling and medications can help you quit. If you smoke, the single most important thing you can do for your health it to QUIT!

5. Get Enough Sleep.  Restful sleep is important to proper physical function, emotional balance and an overall sense of well-being.  Most adults require 7-8 hours of sleep.  Insomnia may be temporary or chronic.  To improve sleep, limit stimulants (caffeine, decongestants), exercise a few hours before bed, and do something quiet and relaxing the last hour of your day.

6. Don’t Treat, Prevent!  Many chronic ailments can be treated or cured with early detection.  Effective cancer screenings include PAP smears for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopy for colon cancer, and skin inspection for melanoma.  High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes are epidemic in our society, and are easily detected with simple tests.

 

7. Socialize Often.  We humans are social animals, and naturally crave the company of others.  Reach out to friends, neighbors, and family to stimulate your body, mind and heart.  Join a club, church, gym or community center. Sign up for adult classes or volunteer for a local charity.  Share your life with others--after all, we’re all in this together!

 

Start living healthy today by bringing awareness to your old habits.  How do you relieve stress? Do you smoke, drink, eat, or get grumpy?  How do you pick your food? Do you grab whatever’s cheap or convenient, or do you read the nutrition label? Once you’re aware of your bad habits you can replace them with healthy ones.  Set realistic goals.  Making many changes at once is dramatic, but likely to fail.  Make a list. Only when you’re comfortable with one change should you tackle the next.  It took years to develop those bad habits, so give yourself time to change them.

 

Stress, Stress Management, and Relaxation

Stress is the body’s reaction to any situation that causes emotional or physiological imbalance.  Also known as the ‘Fight or flight response’, stress is hardwired into the human body, and has enabled adaptation and survival of the species. 

 

When reacting to stressors, the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system becomes dominant. It releases hormones that begin multiple reactions intended to protect the body from imminent danger.  The body reacts to stress in the same way whether it is real or imaginary.  The same physiological processes are invoked whether we confront a grizzly bear in the woods or whether we are stuck in stop-and-go traffic on an LA freeway.  Typical stressors in modern urban society have little to do with immediate survival, and are mostly based on time management, relationships, multiplexing activities, urban congestion & related feelings of helplessness.

 

Contrary to “Fight-or-flight” response associated with the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, excitation of the parasympathetic branch is associated with the relaxation response.  The principal role of the parasympathetic nervous system is to bring the body back to homeostasis, or balance.

 

The following table lists the primary differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.

 

 

Sympathetic response

“Fight-or-flight”

Parasympathetic response

“Relaxation”

Core temperature

Rises

Decreases

Respiration rate

Increases to raise Oxygen level in blood

Decreases

Heart rate

Increases to increase oxygenation of cells

Decreases

Blood pressure

Increases to accelerate blood flow

Decreases

Perspiration

Increases

Decreases

Digestive activity

Inhibited

Increases

Insulin production

Inhibited.  The liver releases glucose and fats into bloodstream to fuel muscles & brain

Increases

Other Hormonal reactions

Release of pain killers (endorphins); suppression of reproduction hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone); anti-diuretics are inhibited to maintain blood volume

 

Muscle tone

Increases with blood diverted to muscles

Decreases

Immune activity

Spleen releases red & white blood cells into bloodstream and clotting ability increases in anticipation of injury

Reduced

EEG brain waves

Shift to beta state

Shift to alpha state

Secretions (tears, saliva)

Pupils dilate to offer the widest field of view

Pupils constrict; Secretions Increase

Psychology

Alert, fright

Sense of relaxation, drowsiness, and inactivity

 

 

The physiological reactions associated with sympathetic excitation occur as a group – if one function is excited, then all the others are turned on as well.  Furthermore, it takes the excitation of just one parasympathetic reaction to turn off all sympathetic reactions.  This fact is of particular relevance to yoga, because yoga practice includes the intentional manipulation of the autonomous nervous system so as to control its mode of excitation.  For example, by working with our breath in pranayama so that it becomes parasympathetically excited, sympathetic reactions are turned off, leading to overall relaxation.  Similarly, depression can be relieved by a yoga routine that stimulates sympathetic dominance leading to an alert state of mind. 

 

One’s state-of-mind has a direct effect on the bio-chemical reaction of the body to stress.  If the stressor is perceived as a threat, the adrenal glands increase production of both catecholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine) and cortisol.  If the stressor is perceived as a challenge but not a threat, cortisol levels do not increase.  Catecholamines are associated with dilation of the blood vessels to improve respiration, muscle oxygenation & toning, and increased alertness.  These are all functions that are desirable for exercise and yoga practice.  Secretion of cortisol is associated with stress reduction, muscle contraction, elevated blood pressure, and mental alertness.  These are all positive reactions in the right state and proper duration.

 

Chronic emotional stress can lead to ongoing stimulation of the stress reaction in the sympathetic nervous system and to excessive and prolonged elevated levels of cortisol.  The physiological reaction may lead to ulcers, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, indigestion, headache, backache, poor sleep, anxiety, depression, autoimmune disease, reduced resistance to cancer, and cognitive impairment in old age.

 

While numerous studies have shown that yoga practice can be an excellent tool for stress relief, there is limited scientific evidence as to the direct effect of specific techniques, postures, or sequences.  The fact that a wide variety of yoga styles and techniques relieve stress may lead one to believe that the positive effects of yoga are actually more generic: exercise (hatha postures), socializing (classmates & teacher), and mentally letting go of pre-occupations while focusing on the practice. Also, the moral restraints & observances (Yamas & Niyamas) provide the practitioner with guidelines for healthy living, promotes compassion, and cultivate a sense of community, all of which are key factors for happiness. This is not a “cop-out” for the scientifically minded, rather an admission that the western approach of anatomy & physiology, dissection, and analysis is still limited in its ability to describe whole body phenomena.  It is not all that different from the general acceptance that gardening is a powerful stress reduction tool.  It doesn’t much matter whether it’s a vegetable garden or a flowerbed, whether you are trimming hedges, weeding, or seeding.  Again, we can find a more generic explanation: exposure to fresh air, contact with the soil, exercise, letting the mind drift, the connection to nature, the sense of being creative & productive, etc.  We may also choose to accept that our understanding of the specific mechanisms is not all that relevant.  That gardening is simply a wonderful tool for stress relief, as is yoga practice.

 

The Buddha is famously quoted as saying: “Pain is inevitable, but suffering is optional”. It doesn’t take much effort to look around – at ourselves and others – to realize the truth of this statement.  The true “winners” at the “game” of life are those you rise gracefully above menial irritants, and find joy and beauty where others see chaos and ugliness.  Thus it is important to develop the ability to modulate our emotional reaction to stress.  This means that we develop the ability to differentiate between our emotional reaction to a real threat (impending accident) and a mere annoyance.  Ashtanga practice helps us develop this skill in several ways, as described next.

 

In order to change our stress response it is necessary to first become aware of the level of stress the body is experiencing.  Ashtanga practice has the general effect of improving body awareness because there are so many aspects of each posture to keep track of – the basic structure, alignment, Drishti, synchronicity with breath, the quality of the breath, balance, etc.  This creates a habit of free flowing feedback between the mind and the body.  We can utilize this awareness to monitor the body’s stress level off the mat.  Awareness of stress then leads to initiation of relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, and increased or decreased physical activity depending on the person and the situation. 

 

The Ashtanga practice takes us through transitions from intense energic sub-sequences to ones that lead to lower energy, relaxation, and a sense of sleepiness.  The free-flowing transitions between dominance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches as a result of our active manipulation of body energy through posture, gaze, breathing, and locks cultivates our ability to actively manipulate stress levels in the body.  It has been recoded that some yogis can directly and finely control their autonomic nervous system, thus enabling them to perform “tricks” like fooling truth detection machines.

 

A daily Ashtanga practice can also help stress relief in several other ways.  First, the daily intense physical activity prevents the “accumulation” of stress in the body.  Such accumulation is both physical and emotional (re-enforcement of negative thought & behavior patterns).  Second, it allows us to create a quiet space away from children, job, chores, and other preoccupations.  Third, the practice can serve as a frame of reference for everything else.  Nancy Gilgoff explained in a recent interview: “A daily practice brings about a gauge in your life. For me, it’s been a way to know who I am in the moment. And it’s the only thing in my life that is something I do everyday; it’s the same practice. So no matter what else I’m doing, I’m traveling, if I eat differently, everyday the practice being the same repetitive practice gives me a way to judge myself in not a non-judgmental way but in a way of seeing, how am I doing? How am I holding up to the stresses of daily life? It’s also the only time for me that I can take my mind out of my daily life and become free in a spiritual sense to investigate myself, my true Self.”

 

To summarize, there are no “canned solutions”, or recipes that work for everyone.  Yoga practice, regardless of the style one chooses, is ultimately a personal practice.  It is incumbent on each of us to adapt the generic style and techniques to the practice that works best for us.  The ability to make such adaptations comes with experience, patience, and observation.

 

 

 

References:

A Physiological Handbook for Teachers of Yogasana by Mel Robin

 

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